The evidence for the electrical scarring
of planetary surfaces is compelling and yet conspicuously
ignored by mainstream cosmology. These scars can be produced
by both catastrophic events, and by more mundane EDM processes
that are witnessed today. A consistent theme has developed
in consensus circles, however. Whenever this evidence
is discovered, it is described as surprising, and then
explained away using an array of conventional — and very
often contradictory — mechanisms. Parsimony goes out of
the window when politics come into play. The more simple
and verifiable electrical hypotheses are thus overlooked,
and the inertia of prior belief prevails, at least for
the time being.
How?
Catastrophic events during the past can account for many
of the surface features which defy conventional explanations.
During periods of upheaval and instability resulting from solar flares, and when planetary
orbits and motions may have been perturbed, their plasma sheathes and magnetospheres will have interacted. Any electrical differentials naturally
tried to establish equilibium.
To begin with, electrical atmospheric phenomena would
have intensified (auroras and lightning), and before
long violent discharges, aka huge sparks, probably resulted.
Hence the 'Thunderbolts of The Gods'. Things got a little
bit tempestuous, to say the least. Significant planets are
unlikely to have actually collided, of course, as electrical
forces are both attractive and repulsive.
(Such notions are anathema to popular or consensus science today, of course, whose models take their lead from early religious thought, where planetary orbits were thought to be perfect and unchanging after being set in motion by God. In this respect they are similar to the Big Bang creationist model.)
Furthermore, electrical phenomena are scaleable over
at least 14 scales of magnitude. Effects which are measured
in millimetres in the laboratory can therefore measure
vast distances across space and on the surface of planets. Today we see these phenomena on a far less violent
scale, and they are referred to as EDM — Electrical
Discharge Machining. The theory actually suffers from
an embarrasment of riches, and many enigmatic planetary
surface features can and have been produced in the laboratory.
"Gravitational systems are the ashes of prior electrical systems." Hannes Alfvén
The evidence
Scars very similar to those pictured in the right hand
column of this page appear on a number of different
planets. They tend to defy traditional explanations.
For example.
. Why are most craters almost perfectly spherical? Impact craters very rarely achieve this symmetry.
. If we look at the craters on the moon, for example, why do the vast majority of impacts appear to have been created by something emanating from 90 degrees (directly above), and not at randomn angles as you might expect from projectiles moving through space?
. Why are the vast majority of craters approximately the same depth regardless of size?.
. Some of the craters exhibit internal spiral patterns. Impact craters don't do this.
. Crater chains often appear in straight lines. The chances of this happening are close to zero, especially when the impacts are from directly above. See point ii.
. Why do so many channels begin and end out of nowhere?
. These channels tend to be predominantly flat floored, ending with steep walls.
. How do so many channels manage to criss-cross, ignoring pre-existing channels? Liquids don't do this. Neither does magma.
. Channels often run up hill. Again, liquids don't do this.
. Many planetary rilles run for thousands of miles in almost straight lines or wave like patterns. How do we account for this?
. Missing debris. Assuming some of the features are produced by traditional methods, where did the material that has been removed go to?
Most of these electrical features are reproducible
in the lab (see also EU Geology page).
Sometimes these features are explained away as lava
flows, or collapsed lave tubes, even where there is
little evidence for any other volcanic activity. Wind
and water may also be cited, but typically the planets
concerned are supposed to be dry, or at least have been
for many millions of years.
It is also interesting to note that many meteorites
hit the earth without producing craters, and that we
find many craters with no evidence of any impact!
Fulgamites
Fulgamites are a form of lightning blister. Olympus
Mons on Mars, pictured right, is often called the biggest
volcanoe in the solar system, although it defies being
categorised as such. It's taller than three Mount Everest's
and extremely wide. The trouble is, it's almost as flat
as a pancake, and its edges end abruptly.
Lightning on Earth normally consists of a number of
strokes in quick succession that follow the same ionized
path. The discharge is often followed by successive
lesser strokes that can excavate overlapping pits on
the top of the fulgamite. This pattern is clearly seen
as the six overlapping circular craters at the summit
of Olympus Mons.
Crater Chains
The chances of an impacting body breaking up to form
a neat line of craters is very slim. The chances of
this happening with the frequency that we see is practically
zero. The crater chain pictured right is one of many
that can be seen on Gannymede, a moon of Jupiter.
Crater chains result from electric arcs passing over
a cathode surface. With slight variations in the current,
the arc may cut a trench instead of jumping from one
crater to the next. Because electrical arcs lift material
from the surface, excavations are left relatively clean.
The 'collapsed lava tube' explanation fails in this
important respect. 'Missing debris' is just one defining
characteristic that distinguishes electrical erosion
from mechanical processes. These processes have been
replicated in the laboratory.
Fulgurites
These anomalous formations appear in the Arrhenius
Region of Mars, some 36,000 square kilometers of terrain
in the southern hemisphere. Planetary scientists have
expressed wonderment over these improbable formations,
and can only guess at how to account for them. The weird
'wormlike' formations have even provoked speculation
about 'artificial tubes' beneath the surface.
The existence of these glassified ridges or fulgurites
is a crucial prediction of the Electric Universe. The
transverse coronal filaments of lightning, always perpendicular
to the direction of a primary discharge, can form and
fuse such characteristic ripples inside a primary channel.
Some followers of the alien hypothesis have cited fulgurites as strong evidence to support their view, but again the EU theory is the more economical.
Hexagonal Craters
Why do we see so many hexagonal shaped craters on planetary surfaces? Could impacts really achieve this? The hexagonal patterns at the poles of Saturn recently came as a big surprise to consensus science. These are almost certainly electrical in nature, as is the force that created the surprise warming at the same poles.
It is almost certainly EM forces which create the vast majority of irregular polygon shapes.
Tethys
This improbably huge crater on Tethys, a moon of Saturn, also takes on a hexagonal format. The moon is only 1000 km in diameter, and yet this hexaganol crater is 450 km across! How could any impact capable of creating such a massive crater fail to shatter the moon?
"Whatever struck Tethys in the distant past probably should have shattered it into pieces ... but didn't." Universetoday.com
Phobos
Phobos, a moon of Mars, demonstrates many of the anomalous features under discussion, from numerous crater chains to bizarre and huge craters.
Again, how could any impact capable of creating such a massive crater fail to shatter the moon? The electrical hypothesis resolves many such enigmas that remain inexplicable by purely mechanical means.
The Iapetus ridge
In 2007 the Cassini mission revealed numerous surprising features on the third largest moon of Saturn, Iapetus, not the least of which was the massive equatorial ridge running around three-quarters of it. This ridge is reminiscent of several types of 'concretion' found on Earth, and specifically the Moqui marbles found in the deserts of Utahagain, again suggesting an electrical origin. See also Martian Blueberries, below.
Although it is a small moon with a dimater of 1436 km, Iapetus also has several extremely large craters, one of which exhibits a distinct bulge in the center.
Rilles
Another moon of Jupiter, Europa, shows more interesting
features that remain mysterious to the mainstream. High-resolution
photographs of the surface show that the web of grooves
and channels cannot possibly be the surface 'fractures'
originally cited. Scientists were also surprised by
the lack of craters on Europa given that Jupiter is
considered the 'vacuum cleaner' of the solar system.
Meteorites should have been pulled into a collision
course.
Not only do many of the larger channels not look anything
like fractures, they are also smoothly cut, and the
force which created them has disregarded the presence
of previous channels, often producing a constant channel
width for more than a thousand kilometres.
These are consistent with an electrical viewpoint.
An electrical discharge, flowing across the surface,
has an associated magnetic field which 'pinches' into
a narrow filament and tends to draw concurrent filaments
into parallel alignment.
Martian Blueberries
When the Mars
Rover, Opportunity, landed in a small crater on the Martian
surface it photographed a profusion of features that could
change our ideas about the recent history of the solar
system. Scattered around the crater were Blueberry sized
spherules. Their blue-grey colour set them apart from
the reddish hue of the Martian surface, and gave them
their name.
They have been identified as 'hematite concretions',
an iron-rich mineral which is the primary constituent
of the soil surrounding them. A Plasma physicist, CJ
Ransom of Vemasat Laboratories, has successfully reproduced
them in the laboratory.
If the concretions can only be reproduced by electrical
discharge, as seems likely, this could lay the foundation
for a radical reassessment of planetary geology.
The Moon
The prominent Tycho crater on the southern hemsiphere
of our moon demonstrates some of the features described
above, and it is interesting to note that the probable
cause was recognised as early as 1903. In his book,
The Moon, W. H. Pickering suggested that electrical
effects could account for the narrow paths of Tychos
'rays', and he drew a direct comparison to the streamers
seen in auroral displays.
Also, more than forty years ago, the British journal,
Spaceflight (January 7, 1965), published the work of
Brian J. Ford, an amateur astronomer, who suggested
that most of the lunar craters were carved by cosmic
electrical discharge. In his laboratory experiments
Ford used spark-machining apparatus to reproduce some
of the most puzzling lunar features, including craters
with central peaks, small craters perched on the high
rims of larger craters, and crater chains. He also observed
that the ratio of large to small craters on the Moon
matched the ratio seen in electrical arcing.
True to form, however, this evidence of electrical
activity in space has been ignored because it finds
no place in the curricula of astronomers and geologists.
Gravitational Cosmology provides their flawed premise.
Spiders from
Mars
The discovery of complex dendritic networks at the
south pole of Mars has left NASA scientists scrambling
for answers. Yet again, they defy traditional textbook
explanations, not least because they 'work against'
gravity, branch radially from a center (which excludes
a drainage function), and form identical shapes irrespective
of the terrain. Often, a single ravine is seen moving
both up and downhill, and many of the patterns occur
on a consistent incline.
Common sense screams out the success of the electrical
hypothesis, but planetary scientists continue to hammer
square pegs into round holes! These networks show the
consistent form of classical electrical discharge, the
Lichtenburg figure.
There is a further problem. A number of these spiders
seem to emerge and disappear seasonally. One recent
study, developed in consultation with the famous sci-fi
writer, Arthur C. Clark, suggested that these comings
and goings represent one of the most profound mysteries
of planetary science, and even speculated a biological
cause. NASAs ignorance of EDM remains a continuing
disservice to the public who fund them.
Martian Dust
Devils
Pictured right is a Dust Devil etching its way across
the surface of Mars. Lightning and various other electrical
phenomena on our neighbouring planets have come as a
huge shock to mainstream science, if you'll pardon the
pun.
As mentioned on the Electric Weather page, electrical vortices are expected from an EU perspective because there is insufficient moisture in the atmosphere to provide an intermediate electrical path from the ionosphere to the surface through normal lightning. The discharges that drive the dust devils on Mars have more in common with the Jets and Sprites phenomena recently discovered.
The visible glows are another telltale sign. Electrical interactions are yet again the most simple and likely explanation, and similar 'lights' have also been seen moving across the surface of the moon.
Rilles and Spills, and dendritic patterns. A summation
The term rille (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe the long, narrow depressions on the surface of the Moon and other planets that resemble channels. These are generally assumed to have been created by water or lava flows, even where the evidence for either is lacking. These channels, of course, can also be created by electrical events. Admittedly, it can be difficult to differentiate between Lichtenberg figures and liquid channels given their many visual similarities.
On a recent Mars mission, instruments on the Phoenix lander found that the soil in around many of the rilles was nonconductive ... indicating no water.
While it is still possible that there are water and ice deposits somewhere on Mars, they were most likely formed during the catastrophic events that dramatically altered its surface. It is now looking increasingly likely that plasma discharges in the form of gigantic and spectacular lightning (aka the Thunderbolts of the Gods) created the sinuous rilles, flat-floored craters, 'railroad track' patterns in canyons (as in the image right), intersecting gullies, giant mesas, and the many accompanying lichtenburg 'whiskers' and various formations mentioned above.
Branching rilles are generally referred to as dendritic patterns. Sometimes they may have been created by a combination of electricity and liquid flow, water or lava, simultaneosuly or over time. The Spiders on Mars mentioned above are dendritic patterns produced by electrical means.
Electric Jets
on Io defy volcanic speculations
Plumes on Jupiters
moon Io — some are hundreds of kilometers high — reveal
features akin to those of laboratory discharge.
This photograph, taken by the Galileo space craft,
is one of many images showing plumes of plasma jetting
from the surface of Jupiter's closest moon. The first
to suggest that these plumes were electrical discharge
in nature was Cornell University astrophysicist Thomas
Gold, whose article on the "Electric Origin of
the Outburst on Io," was published in the journal
Science, November 30, 1979. In 1987 Gold's interpretation
was supported by plasma physicists Alex Dessler and
Anthony Peratt in an article published in the journal
Astrophysics and Space Science. Dessler and Peratt observed
that both the filamentary penumbra and the convergence
of ejecta into well-defined rings are characteristic
plasma discharge effects that have no volcanic counterpart.
Furthermore, the plumes have been found to be hotter
than lava on Earth and, more surprsinigly still, the
alleged 'volcanoes' have moved tens of kilometers in
a few years. These are all predictable features of the
electric model. In fact, Io and Jupiter are now known
to be connected by a 'flux tube' that contains an electric
current of at least 5,000,000 amps generating trillions
of watts of power!